Wopanga PCB Wopikisana

Mabokosi osindikizira (PCBs) amapezeka pafupifupi pazida zilizonse zamagetsi. Ngati pali zida zamagetsi mu chipangizocho, zonse zimayikidwa pa PCB zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kuphatikiza pa kukonza magawo ang'onoang'ono osiyanasiyana, ntchito yayikulu yaPCBndikupereka kulumikizana kwamagetsi kwa magawo osiyanasiyana pamwambapa. Pamene zipangizo zamagetsi zimakhala zovuta kwambiri, zigawo zowonjezereka zimafunika, ndi mizere ndi zigawo paPCBnawonso akuchulukirachulukira wandiweyani. MuyezoPCBzikuwoneka ngati izi. Bolodi lopanda kanthu (lopanda zigawo) limatchedwanso "Printed Wiring Board (PWB)."
Chipinda chapansi pa bolodi palokha chimapangidwa ndi zinthu zotetezera zomwe sizimapindika mosavuta. Zozungulira zowonda zomwe zimatha kuwonedwa pamtunda ndi zojambula zamkuwa. Poyambirira, chojambula chamkuwa chinaphimba bolodi lonse, koma gawo lina linachotsedwa panthawi yopanga, ndipo gawo lotsalalo linakhala dera lopyapyala ngati mauna. . Mizere iyi imatchedwa ma kondakitala kapena mawaya, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka kulumikizana kwamagetsi kuzinthu zomwe zili paguluPCB.
Kulumikiza zigawozo kuPCB, timagulitsa zikhomo zawo mwachindunji ku waya. Pa PCB yofunikira kwambiri (mbali imodzi), mbalizo zimakhazikika mbali imodzi ndipo mawaya amakhazikika mbali inayo. Chotsatira chake, tifunika kupanga mabowo mu bolodi kuti zikhomo zidutse pa bolodi kupita kumbali ina, kotero kuti zikhomo za gawolo zimagulitsidwa mbali inayo. Chifukwa cha izi, mbali zakutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwa PCB zimatchedwa Gawo Lachigawo ndi Solder Side, motsatana.
Ngati pali mbali zina pa PCB zomwe zimayenera kuchotsedwa kapena kubwezeretsedwa pambuyo pomaliza kupanga, ma sockets adzagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene magawowo aikidwa. Popeza soketiyo imawotchedwa mwachindunji ku bolodi, zigawozo zimatha kupasuka ndikusonkhanitsidwa mosasamala. Zomwe zili pansipa ndi socket ya ZIF (Zero Insertion Force), yomwe imalola kuti magawo (panthawiyi, CPU) alowetsedwe mosavuta muzitsulo ndikuchotsedwa. Malo osungira pafupi ndi soketi kuti mugwire gawolo mutatha kuliyika.
Ngati ma PCB awiri ayenera kulumikizidwa wina ndi mzake, nthawi zambiri timagwiritsa ntchito zolumikizira zam'mphepete zomwe zimadziwika kuti "zala zagolide". Zala zagolide zili ndi mapepala ambiri amkuwa omwe amawonekera, omwe kwenikweni ndi gawo laPCBkamangidwe. Nthawi zambiri, tikalumikiza, timayika zala zagolide pa imodzi mwa ma PCB m'mipata yoyenera pa PCB ina (yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa mipata yowonjezera). Pakompyuta, monga makadi azithunzi, makadi omvera kapena makhadi ena ofananirako, amalumikizidwa ndi bolodi ndi zala zagolide.
Chobiriwira kapena chofiirira pa PCB ndi mtundu wa chigoba cha solder. Chosanjikizachi ndi chishango choteteza chomwe chimateteza mawaya amkuwa komanso kuti ziwalo zina zisagulitsidwe pamalo olakwika. Chophimba chowonjezera cha nsalu ya silika chimasindikizidwa pa chigoba cha solder. Nthawi zambiri, zolemba ndi zizindikilo (zambiri zoyera) zimasindikizidwa pa izi kuwonetsa malo a gawo lililonse pa bolodi. Mbali yosindikiza chophimba imatchedwanso mbali ya nthano.
Mabodi Ambali Limodzi
Tangonena kumene kuti pa PCB yofunikira kwambiri, mbalizo zimakhazikika mbali imodzi ndipo mawaya amakhazikika mbali inayo. Chifukwa mawaya amangowonekera mbali imodzi, timatcha mtundu uwuPCBmbali imodzi (mbali imodzi). Chifukwa bolodi limodzi lili ndi zoletsa zambiri zokhwima pa kapangidwe ka dera (chifukwa pali mbali imodzi yokha, mawaya sangathe kuwoloka ndipo ayenera kuzungulira njira yosiyana), kotero mabwalo oyambirira okha adagwiritsa ntchito bolodi lamtunduwu.
Mabodi Awiri Awiri
Bolodi ili ndi mawaya mbali zonse ziwiri. Komabe, kuti mugwiritse ntchito mbali ziwiri za waya, payenera kukhala kugwirizana koyenera kwa dera pakati pa mbali ziwirizo. "Milatho" yotere pakati pa madera amatchedwa vias. Vias ndi mabowo ang'onoang'ono pa PCB, odzazidwa kapena utoto ndi zitsulo, zomwe zimatha kulumikizidwa ndi mawaya mbali zonse. Chifukwa gawo la bolodi lokhala ndi mbali ziwiri ndilokulirapo kawiri kuposa la bolodi lokhala ndi mbali imodzi, komanso chifukwa mawaya amatha kulumikizidwa (amatha kuvulala mbali inayo), ndi oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zovuta kwambiri. mabwalo kuposa matabwa a mbali imodzi.
Ma board a Multilayer
Pofuna kuonjezera malo omwe amatha kukhala ndi mawaya, matabwa opangira mawaya amodzi kapena awiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matabwa a multilayer. Mipikisano wosanjikiza matabwa ntchito angapo mbali ziwiri matabwa, ndi kuika insulating wosanjikiza pakati pa bolodi lililonse ndiyeno kumata (kusindikiza-zokwanira). Kuchuluka kwa zigawo za bolodi kumayimira zigawo zingapo zodziyimira pawokha, nthawi zambiri kuchuluka kwa zigawo kumakhala kofanana, ndipo kumaphatikizapo zigawo ziwiri zakunja. Ma boardboard ambiri amakhala ndi magawo 4 mpaka 8, koma mwaukadaulo, pafupifupi 100-wosanjikiza.PCBmatabwa angapezeke. Makompyuta akuluakulu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ma board a mama okhala ndi masanjidwe angapo, koma chifukwa makompyuta oterowo amatha kusinthidwa ndi magulu ambiri apakompyuta wamba, ma board a Ultra-multilayer asiya kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Chifukwa zigawo mu aPCBali omangika kwambiri, nthawi zambiri sizosavuta kuwona nambala yeniyeni, koma ngati muyang'anitsitsa pa bolodilo, mutha kutero.
Ma vias omwe tangotchulawa, ngati agwiritsidwa ntchito pa bolodi la mbali ziwiri, ayenera kupyozedwa pa bolodi lonse. Komabe, mu multilayer bolodi, ngati mukufuna kulumikiza zina mwa kuda izi, vias akhoza kuwononga ena kufufuza danga pa zigawo zina. Anakwiriridwa vias ndi akhungu vias luso angapewe vutoli chifukwa kudutsa ochepa mwa zigawo. Akhungu vias kulumikiza zigawo zingapo za PCBs mkati pamwamba PCBs popanda kudutsa gulu lonse. Vis okwiriridwa amangolumikizidwa ndi mkatiPCB, kotero kuti sangawonekere pamwamba.
Mu multilayerPCB, gawo lonselo limagwirizanitsidwa mwachindunji ndi waya wapansi ndi magetsi. Chifukwa chake timayika gawo lililonse ngati chizindikiro (Signal), gawo lamphamvu (Mphamvu) kapena wosanjikiza pansi (Ground). Ngati mbali za PCB zimafuna magetsi osiyanasiyana, nthawi zambiri ma PCB amakhala ndi magawo awiri a mphamvu ndi mawaya.